CBC-Ready Platform2025

Kenya's Competency-Based Curriculum
Senior Secondary (Grades 10-12) Starts 2025

Celebra is designed from the ground up to support Kenya's new 2-6-3-3-3 education system. Our platform provides comprehensive tools for formative assessment, digital portfolios, and pathway management aligned with KICD and KNEC standards.

1Understanding CBC

1. What is the CBC Grading System?

The Competency-Based Curriculum (CBC) is Kenya's reformed education system that replaced the 8-4-4 system. Developed by the Kenya Institute of Curriculum Development (KICD), CBC focuses on developing practical skills and competencies rather than rote memorization.

The new 2-6-3-3-3 structure includes 2 years of Pre-Primary, 6 years of Primary, 3 years of Junior Secondary, 3 years of Senior Secondary, and 3+ years of Tertiary education.

Senior Secondary (Grades 10, 11, 12) officially began in January 2025, marking a historic milestone in Kenya's education transformation.

3Key Components of CBC Assessment

70%
Formative Assessment
Continuous evaluation
30%
Summative Assessment
Final exams (KSSEA)

CBC Implementation Timeline

2017
CBC Piloted in select schools
2019
Full implementation begins (Grades 1-3)
2023
First Junior Secondary cohort (Grade 7)
2024
Grade 8 and 9 implementation
2025
2025
Senior Secondary begins (Grade 10)
We Are Here
2026
2026
Grade 11 begins
2027
2027
Grade 12 & First KSSEA exams
7 Core Competencies

The 7 Core Competencies

These competencies are system-derived from subject assessments, not manually selected by teachers. The system aggregates evidence over Grades 10-12 to produce a final profile.

Communication & Collaboration

Critical Thinking & Problem Solving

Imagination & Creativity

Citizenship

Digital Literacy

Learning to Learn

Self-Efficacy

Celebra tracks all 7 competencies
Grade Progression System

How Core Competencies Develop Through Senior Secondary

Core competencies are not selected by teachers - they are derived by the system from subject competency assessments. The final profile is only produced at Grade 12.

10

Grade 10

Emerging Profile
Collect subject competency assessments
Derive early signals for core competencies
Show progress indicators only
No final core competency rating
UI Label
"Emerging profile – not final"
11

Grade 11

Developing Profile
Continue aggregation of assessments
Show trend direction (improving/declining)
Identify strengths and gaps
Still no final rating
UI Label
"Developing profile – informational only"
CRITICAL YEAR
12

Grade 12

Final Profile
Aggregates all evidence from Grades 10–12
Weighs recency + consistency
Integrates national assessment outcomes
Produces final core competency levels
UI Label
"Final Core Competency Profile (Grade 12)"

How Celebra Aggregates Core Competencies

1

Teachers Record

Subject competency assessments with evidence

2

System Derives

Core competency signals from subject mappings

3

AI Aggregates

Weighs recency, consistency, and national data

4

Final Profile

Complete 7 core competency levels at Grade 12

Why This Matters

Unlike manual entry systems, Celebra's AI-driven approach ensures that core competency profiles are objective, consistent, and based on years of accumulated evidence. This produces meaningful, defensible profiles that accurately reflect each learner's development.

2Assessment Levels

2. CBC Grading Scale (Performance Levels)

The Competency-Based Curriculum uses a 7-level grading system that focuses on competency achievement rather than traditional percentage scores.

Level
Performance
Meaning
7
Exceeding Expectations

Learner demonstrates exceptional mastery and applies knowledge in new situations

6
Above Expectations

Learner performs tasks with minimal guidance and shows deep understanding

5
Meeting Expectations

Learner meets the expected level of competency independently

4
Approaching Expectations

Learner shows progress but requires some support to meet expectations

3
Below Expectations

Learner is beginning to grasp concepts but needs significant support

2
Emerging

Learner shows minimal understanding; requires close guidance

1
Needs Support

Learner has major difficulties understanding and applying concepts

5-7
Meeting or Above
4
Approaching
2-3
Needs Improvement
1
Intervention Needed

How Celebra Supports CBC Grading

Celebra automatically tracks student performance across all subjects and competencies, providing real-time level assessments aligned with the CBC grading system. Teachers can easily record formative assessments and generate comprehensive progress reports for parents.

Senior Secondary Pathways

Choose Your Pathway

In Senior Secondary, students choose one of three pathways based on their interests and career aspirations.

STEM

Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics

Key Subjects

PhysicsChemistryBiologyComputer Science+2 more

Career Options

Engineering,Medicine,Technology,Research,Data Science

Arts & Sports

Arts and Sports Science

Key Subjects

Visual ArtsPerforming ArtsMusicPhysical Education+1 more

Career Options

Design,Entertainment,Athletics,Media,Creative Arts

Social Sciences

Social Sciences

Key Subjects

HistoryGeographyGovernmentBusiness Studies+1 more

Career Options

Law,Business,Politics,Education,Social Work
Understanding Pathway Selection

How Pathway Choice Works

The pathway selection process is a guided journey that considers a learner's interests, aptitudes, and career aspirations. Here's how it works in Kenya's CBC system.

When Does Pathway Selection Happen?

Grade 7-9

Exploration Phase

Learners explore all subject areas and discover their interests through a broad curriculum. Teachers observe aptitudes.

End of Grade 9

Aptitude Assessment

KNEC administers Kenya Primary School Education Assessment (KPSEA) to help identify learner strengths and preferences.

Grade 10 Entry

Pathway Selection

Learners, guided by parents and teachers, officially choose their pathway (STEM, Arts & Sports, or Social Sciences).

Grade 10-12

Specialization

Learners focus on their chosen pathway while maintaining core subjects. Switching pathways may be possible in Grade 10.

Factors Considered in Pathway Selection

1

Learner's Interest & Passion

What subjects does the learner enjoy? What activities excite them?

2

Academic Performance

Performance in related subjects during Junior Secondary (Grades 7-9).

3

KPSEA Assessment Results

Aptitude tests that reveal natural strengths and competencies.

4

Career Aspirations

What does the learner want to become? Which pathway leads there?

5

Parental & Teacher Guidance

Input from parents, career counselors, and teachers who know the learner.

What Each Pathway Includes

Core Subjects (All Pathways)

Regardless of pathway, all learners study:

EnglishKiswahiliMathematicsCitizenship

STEM Pathway

3-4 sciences + 1 technical subject (Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Computer Science, etc.)

Arts & Sports Pathway

2+ arts/sports subjects (Visual Arts, Music, Theatre, Sports Science, etc.)

Social Sciences Pathway

2+ humanities/business subjects (History, Geography, Business, Law, etc.)

Can You Switch Pathways?

During Grade 10: Yes, switching is possible if the learner realizes their initial choice doesn't align with their strengths or interests. Schools may allow a switch after Term 1, subject to availability and teacher recommendation.

Grade 11 & 12: Switching becomes difficult as learners are already specialized. The curriculum builds progressively, making late switches challenging. It's recommended to stay committed to the chosen pathway.

💡 Tip: Celebra helps learners make informed pathway decisions with aptitude analysis, interest mapping, and career guidance tools — reducing the need to switch later.

4Recording & Reporting

4. How Teachers Record and Report CBC Grades

Our platform is purpose-built for Kenya's CBC, providing schools with all the tools they need for successful implementation.

70% Assessment

Formative Assessment Tools

Track the 70% formative assessment component with continuous evaluation tools, rubrics, and progress monitoring.

Portfolio Builder

Digital Portfolio Management

Students build comprehensive digital portfolios showcasing projects, achievements, and competency development.

Competency Mapping

7 Core Competencies Tracking

Monitor student progress across all seven CBC core competencies with detailed analytics and reports.

3 Pathways

Pathway Selection Support

Help students choose the right pathway (STEM, Arts, Social Sciences) with aptitude analysis and career guidance.

KICD Aligned

KICD Curriculum Alignment

All content aligned with Kenya Institute of Curriculum Development standards and learning outcomes.

KNEC Ready

KNEC Assessment Ready

Prepare students for Kenya National Examinations Council assessments with practice tests and analytics.

5Key Benefits

5. Benefits of the CBC Grading System

The CBC grading system offers numerous advantages over traditional marking systems.

Holistic Development

Promotes holistic development beyond academics.

Learner-Centered

Encourages learner-centered education focused on strengths.

Teacher-Parent Collaboration

Enhances teacher-parent collaboration through progress reports.

Data-Driven Insights

Provides data-driven insights for individual learner improvement.

6Practical Example

CBC Grading Example

Here's how the CBC grading system works in practice for a Grade 6 Mathematics topic on "Fractions":

Learner Name
Level
Description
John Mwangi
6
Above Expectations – understands fractions and applies them to problem-solving.
Mary Achieng
4
Approaching Expectations – needs support in fraction word problems.
Peter Kamau
7
Exceeding Expectations – demonstrates advanced mastery with real-life applications.

The CBC grading system in Kenya represents a positive shift toward holistic, skills-based learning. It values understanding, creativity, and practical application over memorization.

8Assessment Tools

CBC Assessment Tools Used by Teachers

Under the CBC framework, teachers use both qualitative and quantitative assessment tools to evaluate learners.

a

Observation Checklists

Used to record how well learners perform specific tasks or behaviors during activities. For example, a science teacher may note how confidently a learner conducts an experiment.

b

Rating Scales

These use numerical levels (1–7) to show the degree to which learners meet expectations in each competency area.

c

Rubrics

Provide detailed descriptions of performance criteria for a task, helping teachers assess consistency, creativity, and mastery.

d

Learner Portfolios

Portfolios compile the student's work, including projects, assignments, and reflections — forming an evidence-based record of learning progress.

e

Peer and Self-Assessment

Encourages learners to reflect on their progress and assess peers constructively, promoting collaboration and ownership of learning.

10Progress Reports

CBC Reporting and Progress Reports

Reporting in the CBC system focuses on narrative feedback rather than marks or grades.

Descriptive Feedback Examples:

"Learner shows great creativity in storytelling and needs to work on grammar."

"Learner confidently applies mathematical concepts to practical situations."

Digital Reporting Made Easy

Modern Teacher Dashboard Software like Celebra simplifies reporting by allowing teachers to:

  • Enter learner performance data by competency
  • Generate auto-graded progress reports
  • Export PDF summaries for parents
  • View performance analytics for each term
11System Comparison

CBC vs 8-4-4 Grading System

Understanding the key differences between the new CBC system and the traditional 8-4-4 system.

Aspect
CBC System
8-4-4 System
Focus
Competency & skills mastery
Examination performance
Assessment Type
Continuous assessment
Summative exams
Grading Levels
1 to 7 (Performance-based)
A to E (Marks-based)
Learning Approach
Learner-centered
Teacher-centered
Feedback
Descriptive, personalized
Numeric, ranked
Technology Use
Digital dashboards & e-portfolios
Mostly manual grading

CBC emphasizes learner growth, innovation, and real-life application, while 8-4-4 relied on memorization and competition.

12Implementation Challenges

Challenges in Implementing CBC Grading

While CBC is a major improvement, schools still face challenges such as:

Lack of adequate training for teachers

Limited access to digital grading tools

Time-consuming manual assessment and report writing

Inconsistent understanding of grading standards across schools

The Solution: Adopting digital CBC grading systems like Celebra that standardize assessments and reduce workload.

13Digital Transformation

CBC Grading Software

A CBC Grading System Software automates and digitizes the entire grading process — from data entry to report generation.

Learner performance tracking (1–7 scale)

Automatic generation of termly reports

Bulk class data upload from Excel

Parent portal for viewing results

Integration with school fees and attendance systems

Cloud backup and instant report printing

Such a system ensures accuracy, consistency, and time savings for teachers.

14Future Outlook

Future of CBC Grading in Kenya

With Kenya's continued education reforms, CBC grading will evolve with more data-driven insights and AI-powered tools.

Integration with Ministry of Education portals

Online report verification systems

AI-assisted learning progress predictions

Seamless mobile access for parents and teachers

Schools embracing digital CBC platforms today are positioning themselves for the future of smart education management.

15Conclusion

Embracing Kenya's Education Transformation

The CBC grading system in Kenya represents a bold shift toward a more inclusive, practical, and skill-oriented education model. It focuses on nurturing every learner's strengths, creativity, and confidence.

By pairing CBC with innovative Teacher Dashboard Software like Celebra, schools can streamline grading, reduce paperwork, and enhance communication among teachers, parents, and learners.

Ready to Transform Your School for CBC?

Join hundreds of Kenyan schools already using Celebra to implement the Competency-Based Curriculum effectively.

KICD Aligned
KNEC Ready
10,000+ Students